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With the development of CRISPR/Cas9 as a tool for genome editing, viral delivery systems for CRISPR have revolutionized therapeutic possibilities and are essential to precision medicine. Gene therapies, which replaced defective alleles with functional ones via gene augmentation techniques, were the main focus of gene therapies until the discovery of CRISPR. Correcting disease-causing mutations, enabling targeted therapy, modeling diseases, and comprehending disease processes are all made possible by CRISPR/Cas9. There are several gene delivery vector choices available to researchers, each with special qualities and benefits.
Figure 1. CRISPR/Cas9 delivery platforms
Adenoviruses (AdVs) are double-strand DNA viruses that can infect both dividing and non-dividing cells. They have an icosahedral nucleocapsid and no envelope. Its genome is extrachromosomal post-injection, reducing the possibility of off-target effects in CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing. It is flanked by two inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequences. AdV is a perfect delivery vector for CRISPR applications because of this special feature. Constant efforts are made to maximize AdV's transduction efficiency and low incidence of human symptoms to use it as a gene delivery vector.
The single-stranded RNA spherical virus known as lentivirus (LV) can transduce both non-dividing and proliferating cells. To reduce the amount of live virus particles that form inside cells, modern LV systems split important genes into three plasmids. Since LV integrates into the host genome as a retrovirus and can pseudotype with different viral proteins to enable engineered cellular tropism, there is a chance that insertional mutagenesis will occur unintentionally off-target, which is something to take into account in CRISPR applications.
Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) have shown minimal immunogenicity and toxicity in animal research, which qualifies them for use in gene augmentation therapy clinical trials on humans. AAV DNA is primarily episomal; integrations into particular chromosomal regions are safe and promote long-term gene expression in proliferating cells. Because AAV DNA is episomal and can transduce different cell types effectively, it is a desirable vector for CRISPR-mediated gene augmentation.
The combination of bacteriophages and CRISPR-Cas9 presents a promising strategy for fighting bacteria that are resistant to drugs. This method allows for the selective removal of pathogenic strains while protecting non-pathogenic ones by utilizing the precision targeting of CRISPR and the bacterial infection capabilities of bacteriophages. The treatment of bacterial infections may be completely changed by creating customized bacteriophages that target and eliminate antibiotic-resistant bacteria exclusively by integrating CRISPR-Cas systems into them.
Creative Biogene's CRISPR platformCB provides precise and effective CRISPR viral delivery solutions through customized viral vectors. Discover the many benefits of each of our varied gene delivery vectors, which are all leading to ground-breaking discoveries. With Creative Biogene, discover the possibilities of CRISPR right away!
SgRNA Design and Confirmation
Base Editing by CRISPR
CRISPR Off-Target Effects Analysis
Cas9 Virus Particle
Cas9 Puromycin Lentivirus Particles
Cas9 Blasticidin Adenovirus Particles
CRISPR Lentiviral Library