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Regulatory T (Treg) cells expressing CD4 and Foxp3 are the main regulators of autoimmune diseases. However, the temporal and spatial characteristics of tissue-specific autoimmune suppression mediated by Treg cells have not yet been clearly revealed. In a study recently published in the journal PNAS, Benoît L. Salomon's team from Sorbonne University in France further revealed the role of tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) signaling in Treg cells during multiple sclerosis (EAE).
One of the main signs of chronic pain is inflammation. Recently, in a research report published in the international journal of Neuron, scientists from the University of North Carolina School of Medicine and other institutions have discovered through research that anti-inflammatory cells called MRC1+ macrophages may be dysfunctional in a mouse model of neuropathic pain. Promoting these cells to return to their normal state may be expected to help treat body pain caused by nerve damage or nervous system dysfunction. Researchers have shown that stimulating the expression of an anti-inflammatory protein called CD163 may reduce signs of neuroinflammation in the spinal cord of mice with neuropathic pain.
In previous studies, scientists have discovered that a protein called IL-24 attacks various cancers in many different ways. In a new study, through T cell engineering, researchers from Virginia Commonwealth University found that using T cells to deliver the gene encoding IL-24 (called MDA-7) to solid tumors can prevent tumor growth in a variety of cancers and inhibit the spread of cancer to other tissues. Relevant research results were published in the journal of Cancer Research.
The body’s immune response is a balanced behavior. Excessive amounts can lead to inflammation or autoimmune diseases. Too little can lead to serious infections. Regulatory T cells, or Tregs, are important to maintain this balance. It plays a role of "brake" in the immune response process of the body to avoid excessive immune response. Therefore, controlling the number and activity of Tregs is particularly important for maintaining the health of the body. Recently, in a research report published in the international Journal of Clinical Investigation, scientists from the University of Pennsylvania and other institutions have found that the molecule named DEL-1 can be used as an effective method to help treat inflammation or suppress autoimmune response by targeting. DEL-1 molecule can promote the production of Tregs and its immunosuppressive activity.
Recently, in a research report published in the international journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, scientists from the University of Alabama at Birmingham and other institutions have clarified the cause and molecular mechanism of the serious birth defect called CHARGE syndrome (CHARGE joint deformity, nostril atresia deformity) through research. In the article, the researchers successfully inactivated the CHD7 gene in mouse embryonic neural crest cells, and then tracked how the inactivation of the CHD7 gene in the developing cardiac neural crest cells induced serious defects in the right ventricular outflow tract and large arteries of the heart, and lead to perinatal death of the fetus. Heart defects and other birth defects in embryos are similar to human CHARGE syndrome defects. Currently, known CHD7 mutations can induce approximately 70% of human CHARGE syndrome.
In a new study, researchers from St. Jude Children's Research Hospital in the United States visually observed the structure of previously unknown ABL kinase, thereby providing new insights for the design of targeted therapies for adult and childhood cancer patients. This research will advance the understanding of drug resistance produced by cancer-targeted drugs. The relevant research results were published online in the Journal of Science.
Recently, in a research report published in the international journal Nature Genetics, scientists from Cambridge University and other institutions discovered for the first time that a four-stranded DNA structure (G-quadruplexes, G-quadruplexes) may play a key role in the occurrence of specific types of breast cancer. The results of related studies may provide potential new targets for the development of personalized breast cancer therapies.
Hematopoiesis is affected by biological stresses, such as infections, inflammation, and specific drugs. Recently, in a research report published in the international journal of Blood, scientists from Tokyo Medical and Dental University identified a new type of cell surface marker through research, which can help accurately analyze the response of the hematopoietic process to biological stress.
In a research report published in the international journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, scientists from institutions such as the Caroline Academy in Sweden revealed how special lymphocyte populations can abandon their regulation in the immune system through research Role to promote the occurrence of autoimmune diseases, relevant research results may provide new ideas and direction for scientists to develop new treatments for autoimmune diseases.
In the past 18 months, 11 gene editing research and development projects have entered the clinical development stage in the United States or the European Union, 6 of which are based on the CRISPR-Cas gene editing system. Recently, a review published in Nature Reviews Drug Discovery conducted an in-depth inventory of the gene editing R&D pipeline.
