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Classical transfection techniques were originally developed to introduce plasmid DNA into cells, and plasmid DNA is still the most commonly used vector for transfection. DNA plasmids containing recombinant genes and regulatory elements can be transfected into cells to study gene function and regulation, carry out mutation analysis and biochemical characterization of gene products, study the impact of gene expression on cell health and life cycle, and produce proteins on a large scale for purification and downstream applications.
Cell transfection refers to the technology of introducing foreign molecules into eukaryotic cells. With the deepening of research on gene and protein functions, transfection has become one of the most commonly used technical methods in scientific research experiments. For cell transfection experiments, transfection reagents, transfection methods, and cell status will all affect the efficiency of cell transfection. This article mainly introduces several factors that affect cell transfection efficiency.
Cell transfection refers to a technology that introduces foreign genes into cells. According to the protein expression process of mammalian cells, cell transfection is required after cell culture is completed, and different transfection methods are selected according to different experimental purposes. At present, commonly used cell transfection methods are mainly divided into three categories: physically mediated (electroporation, gene gun, microinjection), chemically mediated (lipofectamine transfection, calcium phosphate precipitation, cationic lipid transfection, cationic polymer transfection), biologically mediated (virus-mediated transfection, protoplast transfection).
Transfection is an important technology in molecular biology and cell biology research. It allows us to introduce exogenous genes into cells to conduct gene function research, gene expression regulation, or gene therapy. Conventional transfection techniques can be divided into two categories: transient transfection and stable transfection (permanent transfection).
Transfection refers to introducing an exogenous DNA or RNA into target cells and causing it to be expressed or replicated. After transfection, the introduced nucleic acid may temporarily exist in the cell and be expressed only for a limited period of time without replication. It may also exist stably and be integrated into the genome of the recipient cell and replicate together with the host genome replication. Transfection is often used in biological research. It can be used to introduce foreign genes, change the proteins or RNA expressed by cells, and study their functions and mechanisms by observing these changes.
mRNA vaccines have attracted significant interest recently due to their success during the COVID-19 pandemic. Their success is attributed to advances in the design and encapsulation of mRNA into ionizable lipid nanoparticles (iLNPs). These vaccines are based on mRNA encapsulated in iLNPs, which are approximately 100 nm in diameter, and have a neutral surface charge and a dense electron-rich oily core. iLNP is currently the most clinically advanced mRNA delivery vehicle. In order to apply mRNA to these other areas, further optimization and development of iLNPs and mRNA may be required. Therefore, a method that can be used to make mRNA-iLNPs could allow more researchers to evaluate and advance them.
Neuronal cell loss is a defining feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but it is currently unclear how neurons die and how this relates to other defining features of the disease. Existing in vivo AD models only partially recapitulate the neuropathology of AD, with very minimal or no neuronal cell loss.
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe muscle degenerative disease caused by genomic mutations that cause a frameshift in the dystrophin gene. Exon skipping is a promising approach to restore dystrophin, and the CRISPR-Cas9 system is emerging as an emerging approach. However, techniques for inducing large deletions to cover target exons spread over hundreds of bases are limited.
Alcohol use disorders (AUD) impose significant personal, social, and economic costs worldwide. Return to drinking is common among patients with AUD seeking treatment, resulting from cycles of repeated abstinence-relapse episodes, even with currently available pharmacotherapy.
CRISPR gene editing technology has many applications in biomedicine and other fields, from the treatment of genetic diseases and cancer, to agricultural breeding, nucleic acid detection and so on. CRISPR gene editing relies on its two components, the guide RNA (gRNA) is responsible for identifying and targeting the target site, and the Cas enzyme is responsible for cutting the target site. CRISPR-Cas9 is the most widely used CRISPR system, but more and more studies have shown that it has potential risks for direct DNA cutting.
