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Researchers at the Mayo Clinic published a research paper titled "Oncolytic cytomegaloviruses expressing EGFR-retargeted fusogenic glycoprotein complex and drug-controllable interleukin 12" in Cell Reports Medicine. This study developed an oncolytic human cytomegalovirus expressing an EGFR retargeting fusion gene glycoprotein complex and drug-controllable IL-12, and its significant anti-tumor effect was verified in glioblastoma (GBM) models.
Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in late 2019, it has had a huge impact on health, society and economy around the world. As the virus continues to spread, we realize that the impact of COVID-19 infection goes far beyond the acute phase. Some patients still suffer from persistent symptoms weeks or even months after infection, a condition known as "Long COVID" or "Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19" (PASC).
Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive inherited bleeding disorder caused by genetic defects in coagulation factor VIII or coagulation factor IX. It is divided into two main types: hemophilia A (F VIII deficiency) and hemophilia B (F IX deficiency). In a new study, researchers from Christian Medical College in Vellore, India, and other research institutions found that lentiviral vectors can be successfully used to provide gene therapy for patients with severe hemophilia A. They provide a potential alternative to adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene therapy, solving the problem of excluding patients with pre-existing anti-AAV antibodies from gene therapy. The relevant research results were published online in the New England Journal of Medicine on December 9, 2024, with the title "Lentiviral Gene Therapy with CD34+ Hematopoietic Cells for Hemophilia A".
Recently, Belgian scientists published a research paper titled "Intratumoral delivery of lipid nanoparticle-formulated mRNA encoding IL-21, IL-7, and 4-1BBL induces systemic anti-tumor immunity" in Nature Communications, a subsidiary of Nature. The study developed a Triplet lipid nanoparticles (LNP) therapy, in which intratumoral injection of LNP-delivered mRNA encoding IL-21, IL-7, and 4-1BBL can induce systemic anti-tumor immune response.
Recently, a review article discussing the therapeutic potential of natural killer (NK) cell biology was published in the journal Frontiers of Medicine. The article is titled "Intracellular checkpoints for NK cell cancer immunotherapy".
In the process of mRNA translation into protein, transfer RNA (tRNA) is responsible for recognizing each codon on the mRNA and adding the corresponding amino acid to the polypeptide chain, which is then further folded and modified into protein. Recently, Professor Joshua Mendell's team at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center published a research paper titled "Specific tRNAs promote mRNA decay by recruiting the CCR4-NOT complex to translating ribosomes" in the international top academic journal Science. Through cryo-electron microscopy and tRNA mutation experiments, the study found that the specific tRNA that decodes the arginine codon directly recruits the CCR4-NOT complex to the translating ribosome, initiates mRNA degradation, and thus promotes mRNA turnover. In contrast, some tRNAs have structural features that prevent the recruitment of the CCR4-NOT complex.
Researchers from Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine published a research paper titled "Lipid nanoparticle-mediated mRNA delivery to CD34+ cells in rhesus monkeys" in Nature Biotechnology, a subsidiary of Nature. The study developed a lipid nanoparticle (LNP) called LNP67, which does not require bone marrow mobilization or chemotherapy pretreatment and is not modified with targeting ligands. It can deliver mRNA to hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC) in rhesus monkeys at a dose as low as 0.25 mg/kg.
Transfer RNA halves (tRHs) have multiple biological functions. However, the biogenesis of specific 5'-tRHs under certain conditions is currently unclear to researchers. Recently, in a research report titled "5'-tRNAGly(GCC) halves generated by IRE1α are linked to the ER stress response" published in the international journal Nature Communications, scientists from Yanbian University and other institutions in China revealed the synthesis process and key role of the transfer RNA-derived fragment 5'-tRH-GlyGCC in cancer progression. By interacting with splicing factors, it may be able to regulate gene expression, alternative splicing, and messenger RNA processing.
Gliomas are the most common type of brain cancer, including the deadliest form, glioblastoma. Every week, Harvard Medical School neuro-oncologist Annie Hsieh treats patients with gliomas. After Hsieh's fellow neurosurgeons remove a glioma with surgery, it often appears that no cancer cells are left. Radiation and other treatments may follow. However, gliomas often recur, not only in the original site but also in distant parts of the brain. This can harm the nervous system and, in some cases, lead to death.
Dysfunction of DNA repair is a key driver of cancer. Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind dysfunctional DNA repair in cancer cells is crucial for the occurrence of cancer and the development of new therapies. Recently, in a research report titled "EZH2 directly methylates PARP1 and regulates its activity in cancer" published in the international journal Science Advances, scientists from Northwestern University and other institutions discovered a new molecular mechanism behind dysfunctional DNA repair in prostate cancer cells through research. This research finding is expected to guide scientists to develop new targeted therapies to treat prostate cancer patients who are resistant to current standard therapies.
