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Recently, Xiamen University in China published a research paper titled "Combination therapy with oncolytic virus and T cells or mRNA vaccine amplifies antitumor effects" in the journal Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy. This study developed an oncolytic virus, rVSV-LCMVG, that is less likely to induce virus-neutralizing antibodies, and further confirmed that the oncolytic virus can enhance the anti-tumor effect when used in combination with adoptive transfer of T cells or mRNA cancer vaccines.
Recently, in a research report titled "Recurrent mutations in tumor suppressor FBXW7 bypass Wnt/β-catenin addiction in cancer" published in the international magazine Science Advances, scientists from Duke-NUS Medical School and other institutions have revealed why some pancreatic and colorectal cancer patients do not respond to Wnt inhibitors. Wnt inhibitors are a new class of cancer drugs currently under development to treat the above cancers. The findings could not only provide a new cancer therapy target, but also provide a potential screening tool to help identify patients who would benefit from new therapies.
DNA methylation is an important epigenetic mark in mammals. Methylation of cytosines, primarily in the context of CpGs, ensures appropriate regulation of imprinted and tissue-specific genes, silences repetitive elements, and contributes to the function of key functional elements of the genome such as centromeres.
Professor Michael Elowitz of California Institute of Technology and others published a research paper titled "Synthetic protein circuits for programmable control of mammalian cell death" in the top international academic journal Cell. In this study, the research team developed a synthetic protein-level cell death circuit - the Synpoptosis circuit, which regulates cell death execution proteins through hydrolysis, thereby controlling mammalian cell apoptosis and pyroptosis. Furthermore, this circuit can be delivered and passed between cells using virus-like particles (VLPs), providing the basis for engineering synthetic killer cells that induce desired death programs in target cells without self-destruction. Taken together, these results lay the foundation for programmable control of mammalian cell death.
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and lethal form of primary astrocytic brain tumors and is associated with hypervascularity and heterogeneity. GBM "growth units" consist of glioma stem cells (GSCs), whose transcriptomes range from prothecal cells (PN) to mesenchymal cells (MES), reminiscent of the corresponding GBM subtypes. These characteristics arise from the superposition of differentiation programs and the potential impact of oncogenic mutations.
In the field of modern biotechnology, the CRISPR/Cas system has become one of the important tools for gene editing. Especially for RNA editing, the CRISPR/Cas13 system shows great potential. Among the Cas13 family, Cas13d is considered to be the most active isoform in mammalian cells. However, Cas13d is insufficiently active in the cytosol of mammalian cells, which limits its efficiency in applications such as programmed antiviral therapy. Since most RNA viruses only replicate in the cytoplasm, the effectiveness of existing Cas13d-based antiviral methods is limited by uncontrolled leakage of nucleic acids.
A research team from Tsinghua University School of Medicine in China published a research paper titled "Nuclear RNA homeostasis promotes systems-level coordination of cell fate and senescence" in the journal Cell Stem Cell. This study demonstrates that nuclear RNA homeostasis contributes to the systemic coordination of cell fate and aging. Depletion of RNA exosomes leads to destruction of nuclear RNA, which leads to systemic functional decline, changes in cellular status, and promotes aging.
Recently, a research team from China published a research paper in the journal Science Advances titled: Cryo-shocked tumor cells deliver CRISPR-Cas9 for lung cancer regression by synthetic lethality. This study developed a cell delivery vector that efficiently delivers the CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing system to the lungs.
DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTi, DNA methyltransferase inhibitor) have limited efficacy in solid tumors. Colon cancer cells exposed to DNMTi accumulate lysine-27 trimethylation on histone H3 (H3K27me3). Recently, in a research report titled "Select EZH2 inhibitors enhance viral mimicry effects of DNMT inhibition through a mechanism involving NFAT:AP-1 signaling" published in the international magazine Science Advances, scientists from the Van Andel Institute and other institutions in the United States have discovered through research that two drugs that can cause malignant cells to behave like viruses may help treat colorectal cancer and other solid tumors in humans.
Targeted therapies mediated by antibodies and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells improve survival in patients with solid tumors and hematological malignancies. Recently, in a research report titled "TRBC1-targeting antibody–drug conjugates for the treatment of T cell cancers" published in the international journal Nature, scientists from Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and other institutions have developed a new treatment for human leukemia and lymphoma that is expected to effectively kill cancer cells in mice carrying human T-cell tumors.
