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In recent years, the potential of RNA vaccines in cancer treatment has attracted widespread attention. With the successful launch of the COVID-19 vaccine, RNA technology has demonstrated its potential for rapid development and customization, bringing new hope to cancer treatment. Recently, Nature's report "How personalized cancer vaccines could keep tumours from coming back" explored the application of RNA vaccines in personalized cancer treatment, especially its prospects in the treatment of melanoma.
Recently, the Jeremy M. Sullivan/Charlotte J. Sumner team at Johns Hopkins University published a study. They found that mutations in the transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 4 (Trpv4) gene in neurovascular endothelial cells can destroy the integrity of the blood-spinal cord barrier and drive the degeneration of motor neurons in a non-cell autonomous manner. Administration of TRPV4-specific antagonists can restore the integrity of the blood-spinal cord barrier and improve the motor neuron degeneration phenotype of Trpv4 mutant mice. The relevant research was published in Science Translational Medicine.
RNA interference (RNAi) technology has shown great potential in the treatment of genetic diseases and viral infections. It is also considered an attractive therapeutic approach to achieve functional cure of hepatitis B by inducing antigen suppression, reducing viremia, and silencing covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA). siRNA-based therapies can also alleviate immune tolerance induced by high viral antigens, providing opportunities for subsequent immune stimulation to gain immune control of the virus.
Researchers from the University of Zurich published a review article in the journal Cell titled: Past, present, and future of CRISPR genome editing technologies. Genome editing has become a transformative force in life sciences and human medicine, providing unprecedented opportunities to dissect complex biological processes and fundamentally treat genetic diseases. CRISPR-based technologies, with their remarkable efficiency and ease of programmability, are at the forefront of this revolution. In this review, the authors discuss the current state of CRISPR gene editing technologies in research and therapy, highlighting the limitations that restrict them and the technological innovations developed in recent years to address these issues. In addition, the current applications of gene editing in human health and therapy are examined and summarized. Finally, potential developments that may affect gene editing technologies and their applications in the future are outlined.
In a new study, researchers from the Ludwig Cancer Research Center have developed a new type of immunotherapy that uses a two-pronged approach to attack solid tumors to enhance the immune system's ability to target and eliminate cancer cells. The relevant research results were published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation. The paper is titled "Combining SiRPα decoy-coengineered T cells and antibodies augments macrophage-mediated phagocytosis of tumor cells."
Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are a new generation of drugs that can treat human diseases by blocking the transmission of harmful information from the body's genes. In cancer patients, ASOs have the potential to block messages that drive tumors to grow and spread. However, ASOs have not yet been used to treat human cancer. First, they must be transported into cancer cells, but the cancer cells will not let them in.
Recently, a research team at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) developed a new method that uses light signals instead of electrical signals to stimulate muscles. Compared to electrical stimulation, this optogenetic technology provides more precise muscle control while significantly reducing muscle fatigue. Relevant research was recently published in the journal Science Robotics, titled "Closed-loop optogenetic neuromodulation enables high-fidelity fatigue-resistant muscle control."
In a new study, researchers from the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine used human breast and lung cells to map a molecular pathway that tricks the cells into taking a dangerous path. That is, making too many copies of their genome, which is a characteristic of cancer cells. The discovery sheds light on what can go wrong when a group of molecules and enzymes trigger and regulate what's called the cell cycle. They believe their findings could be used to develop therapies that interrupt cell cycle disorders and potentially halt cancer growth. Relevant research results were recently published in the journal Science. The paper is titled "CDK4/6 activity is required during G2 arrest to prevent stress-induced endoreplication".
As understanding of immune activity at the tumor site increases, immunotherapy has received widespread attention as an effective cancer treatment strategy, leading to a major shift in cancer research and clinical trials. The main purpose of tumor immunotherapy is to stimulate host anti-tumor immunity, establish an immune-sensitive microenvironment, and ultimately achieve tumor shrinkage while improving the overall survival rate of patients.
Cancer has a profound impact on human life, and immune checkpoint therapy (ICT) has made significant progress in cancer therapy. However, ICT will face various consequences, such as lower overall response rate and immune-related adverse events. To overcome these obstacles, researchers have been exploring novel immune checkpoints. CD300A is a type I transmembrane protein that carries an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif. It can serve as a potential immune checkpoint and negatively regulate the function of NK cells through its interaction with phosphatidylserine.
