The 2024 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was first announced on October 7. The winners are Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun. They won the prize for their discovery of microRNA and its role in post-transcriptional gene regulation.
Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun
The winners of the 2023 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine are Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman for their discoveries of nucleoside modifications that led to the development of effective mRNA vaccines to fight COVID-19.
The 2022 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Svante Pääbo for his discoveries concerning the extinct human genome and human evolution.
The winners of the 2021 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine are David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian, who were awarded for their discoveries of temperature and touch receptors.
The winners of the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine are: Harvey J. Alter, Michael Houghton, and Charles M. Rice. They won the award for their discovery of the hepatitis C virus.
The winners of the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine are William G. Kaelin Jr, Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe, and Gregg L. Semenza, who were awarded for their discoveries on how cells sense and adapt to oxygen supply.
The winners of the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine are James P. Allison and Tasuku Honjo, who were awarded for their contributions to the discovery of negative immune regulation as a therapy for cancer.
The winners of the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine are Jeffrey C Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young. They were awarded for their discovery of the molecular mechanisms that control circadian rhythms.
The winner of the 2016 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is Yoshinori Ohsumi, who was awarded for his discovery of the mechanism of cellular autophagy.
The winners of the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine are William C. Campbell, Satoshi Ōmura, and Tu Youyou. The first two won the prize for discovering new treatments for filarial parasites, and Tu Youyou won the prize for discovering new treatments for malaria.
The winners of the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine are John O'Keefe, May-Britt Moser, and Edvard Moser, who were awarded for their discoveries of the cells that make up the brain's positioning system.
The winners of the 2013 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine are James E. Rothman, Randy W. Schekman, and Thomas C. Südhof. They won the prize for their discovery of the mechanisms of cellular vesicle transport and regulation.
The Nobel Prize was founded in 1900 with part of the estate of the famous Swedish chemist Alfred Bernhard Nobel as a fund and was first awarded in 1901. At the beginning of the Nobel Prize, five awards were set up, including the Physics Prize, the Physiology/Medicine Prize, the Chemistry Prize, the Literature Prize, and the Peace Prize. In 1968, the Economics Prize was added.
Since the first Nobel Prize was awarded in 1901, a total of 115 Nobel Prizes in Physiology or Medicine have been awarded to 227 people, including 13 female scientists.
The youngest Nobel Prize winner in Physiology or Medicine in history is Frederick G. Banting, who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1923 for discovering insulin and using insulin to treat diabetes. He was only 31 years old at the time. Peyton Rous is the oldest Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine ever, winning the 1966 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of tumor-inducing viruses at the age of 87.