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Recently, the top academic journal Nature has published a major study related to CAR-T treatment, a research team led by Professor Car June, the professionals in cancer Immunotherapy and the pioneer of CAR-T therapy unexpectedly discovered a genetic mutation that could overturn traditional CAR-T treatment and is expected to cure patients with leukemia who are hopelessly treated.
CDK1 is a normal protein that drives cells through the replication cycle, while MHC class 1 molecules are also normal molecules that present a small amount of protein on the cell surface for immune system examination. Recently, a study published in the international journal Cancer Research, scientists from the University of Colorado Cancer Center found that a group of cancer cells labeled with MHC class 1 molecule and high levels of CDK1 are extremely unusual. In fact, high levels of MHC class 1 molecule and CDK1 are usually the keys to certain diseases, such as melanoma, pancreatic cancer and colon cancer, and these cells may be the cancer stem cells that scientists have sought for a long time, once the cancer patient's treatment is finished, these cells become resistant to chemotherapy and re-sown the seeds of the cancer.
Tumor-microenvironment interactions play an important role in tumor progression, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance, and there is increasing evidence that tumor cell-derived exosomes can systematically regulate or reprogram tumor microenvironments through transferring molecules such as microRNAs, mRNAs, and proteins. PD-L1 is a classical immunological surface protein that inhibits the anti-tumor function of T cells by binding to receptor programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and effectively protects tumors from immune surveillance. Exosomes are reported to contain certain types of proteins, including membrane proteins that promote cancer metastasis, such as EGFR and MET. As a membrane-bound protein, whether PD-L1 is present in cancer-derived exosomes, or playing a role in tumor progression remains unknown.
PD-L1 is a classical immunological surface protein that inhibits the anti-tumor function of T cells by binding to receptor programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and effectively protects tumors from immune surveillance. For estimating the role of exo-PD-L1 in the tumor microenvironment and tumor progression in vivo, researchers measured tumor growth in 4T1-PD-L1 KO cells co-injected with EX-PD-L1 Flag, EX-PD-L1 KO or PBS. Consistent with previous reports, PD-L1 deficiency in 4T1-PD-L1 KO cells resulted in significant tumor regression, however, EX-PD-L1 Flag, but not EX-PD-L1 KO, significantly restored tumor growth in 4T1-PD-L1 KO cells. Then they exposed 4T1-PD-L1 KO cells to increasing amounts of EX-PD-L1 Flag, and the results showed that EX-PD-L1 Flag promoted tumor growth in a dose-dependent manner.
While mentioning about Shape-shifter, you may regard it as science fiction stuff, however, they really exist in our DNA. In a new study, researchers describe how two commonly mismatched bases in human DNA - guanine (G) and thymine (T) - can change shape, and thus creating an inconspicuous crosspiece on the DNA ladder, which allows them to survive by evading the body's natural defense against genetic mutations. Related research results were published online in the journal of Nature.
Fragile X syndrome is the most common cause of mental disability in men. One out of every 3,600 boys born is affected. This syndrome can also lead to autism, such as social & communication barriers, and attention & hyperactivity problems. At present, this disease can not be cured.
In the period of infection or tumor growth, a special white blood cell named CD8+T rapidly reproduces in spleen and lymph node, and obtains the ability to kill normal cells of diseased patients. Then these "killers" fully equip themselves for the place where they are needed.
What is man? Is life meaningful? Where will man go?
Things must be put together neatly; check several times whether the door is locked or not before going out... I believe that everyone has such a friend around us. We generally call this behavior "obsessive-compulsive disorder". It is estimated that more than 80 million people around the world suffer from obsessive-compulsive disorder, many of whom develop involuntary obsessive thinking and make repetitive behaviors that are difficult to be understood by outsiders.
