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Alcohol use disorders (AUD) impose significant personal, social, and economic costs worldwide. Return to drinking is common among patients with AUD seeking treatment, resulting from cycles of repeated abstinence-relapse episodes, even with currently available pharmacotherapy.
Most cancers exhibit aneuploidy, but its functional significance in tumorigenesis is controversial. Recently, in a research report titled "Oncogene-like addiction to aneuploidy in human cancers" published in the international journal Science, scientists from Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and other institutions found that cancer cells with extra chromosomes may rely on these chromosomes to fuel tumor growth. Eliminating these extra chromosomes prevents the cells from forming tumors. Related research results suggest that selectively targeting extra chromosomes may provide a new way to treat cancer.
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a widely used technique in molecular biology. It allows researchers to amplify specific DNA fragments from complex mixtures, providing a powerful tool for a wide range of applications from genetic research to medical diagnostics. In addition to standard PCR amplification, variants of this technique have also been developed. These include reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and digital droplet PCR (ddPCR). Although widely adopted and routinely used, errors can occur leading to poor quality PCR products and thus unreliable results. Proper PCR protocol design and optimization can help reduce errors. An understanding of PCR principles, awareness of common mistakes, and experience can help researchers prevent problems in the first place and troubleshoot problems when they do occur. In this article, we provide a PCR troubleshooting guide covering some of the most common problems researchers encounter and how to overcome them.
The polymerase chain reaction, or PCR, is a technique widely used in molecular biology to amplify specific regions of DNA. PCR is an essential tool in many applications, including genetic testing, research, and clonal analysis. However, to achieve accurate and reliable PCR amplification, several technical factors must be considered. In this article, we provide some practical tips for optimizing PCR amplification.
As one of the vital organs of the human body, the importance of the kidney is self-evident. According to data from the National Health and Medical Commission, it is predicted that by 2040, chronic kidney disease will become the fifth leading cause of death in the world. The incidence of chronic kidney disease in my country is as high as 10.8%, and the number of patients exceeds 100 million. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find treatments for damaged kidney function, and some scientists have focused on restoring the kidney's ability to regenerate.
Cancer occurs when mutations in multiple genes make otherwise normal cells cancerous, and these mutations often accumulate over time, creating phenotypic diversity in a patient's tumor. Specific genetic alterations in specific cancer types are associated with prognosis, response or resistance to therapy, especially targeted therapy, and the propensity of tumors to acquire further mutations, among other phenotypes. However, inferring genotype-phenotype links in patients is challenging because any two tumors are too genetically different to isolate the effect of one or a few mutations. The ability to systematically link cancer-associated mutations or combinations thereof to their phenotypes will advance scientists' understanding of cancer pathogenesis and genetically related disease characteristics.
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains difficult to treat because of high genetic heterogeneity not only between different patients but also between subclonal populations of cancer cells within the same patient. Despite advances in knowledge, understanding the metabolic signature of the cells that change in this disease is one of the scientific challenges in designing more effective therapies.
In the body, there are thousands of cells mutated due to DNA errors lurking every day, and they all have the possibility of eventually causing cancer. Existing theories believe that cancer is caused by two types of gene mutations: mutations of proto-oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, however, not all genetic mutations cause cancer. Take the mole on the body as an example, gene mutations can cause the mole to become cancerous and form melanoma. It is worth noting that most moles will never become cancerous. Scientists have been working to unravel the reasons for this difference, and this problem has finally been overcome recently.
Recently, at the 2021 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) annual meeting, researchers from the University of Sydney, Australia will announce the results of its RELATIVITY-047 trial. In this clinical trial, researchers discovered a new type of immune checkpoint Inhibitor that may effectively help save the lives of patients with malignant melanoma, and this breakthrough study may be extended to other cancer types.
The body’s immune response is a balanced behavior. Excessive amounts can lead to inflammation or autoimmune diseases. Too little can lead to serious infections. Regulatory T cells, or Tregs, are important to maintain this balance. It plays a role of "brake" in the immune response process of the body to avoid excessive immune response. Therefore, controlling the number and activity of Tregs is particularly important for maintaining the health of the body. Recently, in a research report published in the international Journal of Clinical Investigation, scientists from the University of Pennsylvania and other institutions have found that the molecule named DEL-1 can be used as an effective method to help treat inflammation or suppress autoimmune response by targeting. DEL-1 molecule can promote the production of Tregs and its immunosuppressive activity.
